Concrete Slump Test for Workability

WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE BY SLUMP CONE TEST

Ref : IS: 7320-1974, IS: 1199-1959, SP: 23-1982.

https://archive.org/details/gov.in.is.7320.1974

http://www.iitk.ac.in/ce/test/IS-codes/is.1199.1959.pdf

https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.sp.23.1982.pdf

SLUMP CONE TEST

A concrete is said to be workable if it can be easily mixed, placed, compacted and finished. A workable concrete should not show any segregation or bleeding. Segregation is said to occur when coarse aggregate tries to separate out from the finer material and a concentration of coarse aggregate at one place occurs. This results in large voids, less durability and strength. Bleeding of concrete is said to occur when excess water comes up at the surface of concrete. This causes small pores through the mass of concrete and is undesirable.

Unsupported fresh concrete flows to the sides and a sinking in height takes place. This vertical settlement is known as slump. The slump is a measure indicating the consistency or workability of cement concrete. It gives an idea of water content needed for concrete to be used for different works. To measure the slump value, the test fresh concrete is filled into a mould of specified shape and dimensions, and the settlement or slump is measured when supporting mould is removed. The slump increases as water-content is increased. For different works different slump values have been recommended. The following table indicates the relationship between degree of workability and slump value.

Slump test is adopted in the laboratory or during the progress of the work in the field for determining consistency of concrete where nominal max., size of aggregates does not exceed 40 mm. The pattern of slump indicates the characteristics of concrete in addition to the slump value. If the concrete slumps evenly it is called true slump. If one half of the cone slides down, it is called shear slump. In case of a shear slump, the slump value is measured as the difference in height between the height of the mould and the average value of the subsidence. Shear slump also indicates that the concrete is non-cohesive and shows the characteristic of segregation. Any slump specimen, which collapses or shears off laterally gives incorrect results and at this juncture the test is repeated only true slump should be measured.

Although, slump test is popular due to the simplicity of apparatus used and simple procedure, unfortunately, the simplicity is also often allows a wide variability and many time it could not provide true guide to workability. For example, a harsh mix cannot be said to have same workability as one with a large proportion of sand even though they may have the same slump.

Apparatus:

The slump cone experiment is conducted in an apparatus called slump cone. This apparatus essentially consists of a metallic mould in the form of a frustum of a cone having the internal dimensions as under: Bottom diameter: 20 cm, Top diameter: 10 cm, Height: 30 cm and the thickness of the metallic sheet for the mould should not be thinner than 1.6 mm.

Slump cone, tamping rod, metallic sheet, weighing machine and scale.

Material: Cement, sand, aggregate and water

Procedure:

1. Clean the internal surface of the mould thoroughly and place it on a smooth horizontal, rigid and non-absorbent surf ace, such as of a metal plate.

2. Consider a W/C ratio of 0.5 to 0.6 and design mix of proportion about 1:2:4 (it is presumed that a mix is designed already for the test). Weigh the quantity of cement, sand, aggregate and water correctly. Mix thoroughly. Use this freshly prepared concrete for the test.

3. Fill the mould to about one fourth of its height with concrete. While filling, hold the mould firmly in position

4. Tamp the layer with the round end of the tamping rod with 25 strokes disturbing the strokes uniformly over the cross section.

5. Fill the mould further in 3 layers each time by 1/4th height and tamping evenly each layer as above. After completion of rodding of the topmost layer strike of the concrete with a trowel or tamping bar, level with the top of mould.

6. Lift the mould vertically slowly and remove it.

7. The concrete will subside. Measure the height of the specimen of concrete after subsidence.

Record the water content ratio.

Record the slump values in mm.

The slump value indicates that the concrete has Very low/ Low/ Medium/ High degree of workability.

Top 12 Career Opportunities for civil engineers

CAREERS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

What is Civil Engineering

Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewerage systems, pipelines, structural components of buildings, and railways.

Civil engineering is traditionally broken into a number of sub-disciplines. It is considered the second-oldest engineering discipline after military engineering, and it is defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering.

Civil engineering takes place in the public sector from municipal through to national governments, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international companies.

Career Options For Civil Engineers

After a graduation degree in Civil Engineering, it is ubiquitous to get confused on how to kick start one’s career, with a more pressing question: What to do?

But what will you do with these notions on structural and practical in the future? And is it worth studying a Bachelor’s degree in Civil Engineering for your future career?

Well, let’s check some of the careers that you can go after when you graduate.

Where to study a Bachelor’s in Civil Engineering

First thing first, where do you want to study a Bachelor’s in Civil Engineering?

If this question rendered you speechless, let us help you with some cool alternatives.

For instance, you can study any where in the world:

Civil Engineering, as a degree, covers a lot of ground when it comes to understanding our surroundings and how to work with it, but, in the future, you will have to settle on a specialisation and follow it. Some of the most popular careers that wait for you after you graduate are:

1. Construction managers

Construction managers are the bosses of the working sites. With knowledge on the most basic things, like weather, costs, team and time management, managers have to be the eyes and ears of the person who hired them, and have to see that everything works smoothly.

2. Geotechnical engineer

Geotechnicians have to be on the lookout for everything nature-related and know how to manage waste disposal, flood control, when and where to build a dam or a bridge, and so on. And, once you get the hang of it, then, dam, you will be the best.

3. Environmental engineer

Environmental engineers are the closest we have to superheroes, as they take care of the planet and allow us to keep living here (or simply living, which is nice). You will get to go and restore landscapes and nature from what other people ruin, you will get to explain to other people what a healthy indoor and outdoor environment is, and what to do in the future to stop wrecking our planet.

4. Public Health Engineer

Do you remember that scene in Tim Burton’s ‘Batman’, where there are penguins living in the sewer and even an evil lair? Technically, as a public health engineer, you will be responsible for that never to happen!

Controlling the water supply and sewage system, you take care of people in towns and villages, making sure the water is clean and villain-free.

5. Transportation Engineer

Do you think public transportation just happens? All those subways, trams, roads, highways, and such don’t just spring from nowhere: top transportation engineers are there, taking care of us to get home on time or not wait in the rain for your bus, like the most tragic figure from literature.

6. Urban planning engineer

Urban planning might be the closest thing to playing with your childhood legos that you can get: deciding where to put a building, where a road should be, how to circle a park with a fence, how not to put a school next to a prison, and so on.

7. Structural engineer

Structural engineers can start their career as a construction designer and can further become project managers. One can seek employment in private section and public sector as well. Professionals in Structural engineering plays an important role in construction industry.

8. Hydaulics engineer

A hydraulics engineer is a type of civil engineer whose focus is the movement and control of fluids. They may work for government on dams, aquifers, and the environmental impact of water movement, or in private companies to determine the interaction of fluids on buildings and structures. Civil engineers have a job growth outlook about as fast as average.

9. Bridge Engineer

Bridge Engineers ensure that bridges do what they're meant to do: carry the weight of people and/or cars without breaking, buckling, or falling down. Bridge Engineers may assist with building bridges from scratch, or they may be called in to inspect or help rehabilitate an older bridge.

10. Water Resource Engineer

Water Resource Engineers develop new equipment and systems for water resource management facilities across the globe. The systems that Water Resource Engineers create ensure that citizens are provided with a continuous supply of clean, uncontaminated water for drinking, living, and recreational purposes. Water Resource Engineers not only design these water management systems, but often oversee the construction and maintenance of these systems as well.

11. Survey Engineers

urvey engineers measure the shape and contours of terrain above ground and underwater to ensure the accuracy of maps and boundary markers. Their measurements are used to plan roadways and tunnels, build pipelines and bridges, track the movement of pollutants in waterways and determine ocean floor erosion rates after storms and earthquakes. Survey engineers often specialize; a forensics surveyor may reconstruct a traffic accident by analyzing skid marks and road angles, while a hydrographic surveyor may search for fault lines as part of an offshore crew. Many professionals work in the field, collecting information while others are based in an office, analyzing data. They are employed by private engineering or surveying firms, government agencies and municipalities, or as independent consultants.

12. Cad Design Engineer

CAD drafting is meant for those who like to tinker and design. Fortunately for CAD drafters, there are a variety of fields available to choose from, such as architecture or engineering, each with its own salary opportunities and job growth statistics. Most CAD drafters hold a certificate or an associate's degree.

CAD designers use specialized computer software to generate drawings, blueprints, plans, and other design documents for use across a wide variety of fields (mechanical design, architecture, construction, engineering, etc.). Entry into this career field typically requires an associate's degree. This career field would appeal to someone who enjoys problem solving, drawing or working with engineers

Start your venture

After all, who doesn’t want to be their own boss? A self-made venture of a civil engineer is a territory which is sacred, and which is why it has tremendous potential to grow. You can start this venture along with your fellow batchmates and run the company basis your practical and theoretical knowledge. However, it isn’t a cake walk. Starting on your own, be it any business, requires a lot of patience and resilience. Although there is no ideal age or time to start your venture but as per the experts, having a professional degree and few years of industry exposure will always give you an extra edge to succeed in your venture. So, think before you make a move.

Top 3 Training Centres for Civil Branch in Hyderabad

Top 3 Training Centres for Civil Branch in Hyderabad

1. Standard Institute of Engineering

122826/2/B, Flat: 201, 2nd Floor, Kanthi Nagar Colony Road, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad - 500028, Near Amba Theater

www.siehyd.com 

2. Sr Engineering Institute

2nd Floor, Above Pooja Diagnostic Centre, Vijay Nagar Colony, Masab Tank, Hyderabad - 500028, Opposite to Hp Gas Agency

3. Omegacadd Training Institute For Civil & Mechanical Courses

H No 8-3-945 K & L, 3rd Floor, Flat No 303, L.S.Y Estate, Opposite to RS Brothers Lane, Ameerpet, Yellareddyguda, Hyderabad - 500073, Above Karur Vysya Bank

www.omegacadd.com

Top 12 Career Opportunities for Civil Engineers

CAREERS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

What is Civil Engineering

Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewerage systems, pipelines, structural components of buildings, and railways.

Civil engineering is traditionally broken into a number of sub-disciplines. It is considered the second-oldest engineering discipline after military engineering, and it is defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering.

Civil engineering takes place in the public sector from municipal through to national governments, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international companies.

Career Options For Civil Engineers

After a graduation degree in Civil Engineering, it is ubiquitous to get confused on how to kick start one’s career, with a more pressing question: What to do?

But what will you do with these notions on structural and practical in the future? And is it worth studying a Bachelor’s degree in Civil Engineering for your future career?

Well, let’s check some of the careers that you can go after when you graduate.

Where to study a Bachelor’s in Civil Engineering

First thing first, where do you want to study a Bachelor’s in Civil Engineering?

If this question rendered you speechless, let us help you with some cool alternatives.

For instance, you can study any where in the world:

Civil Engineering, as a degree, covers a lot of ground when it comes to understanding our surroundings and how to work with it, but, in the future, you will have to settle on a specialisation and follow it. Some of the most popular careers that wait for you after you graduate are:

1. Construction managers

Construction managers are the bosses of the working sites. With knowledge on the most basic things, like weather, costs, team and time management, managers have to be the eyes and ears of the person who hired them, and have to see that everything works smoothly.

2. Geotechnical engineer

Geotechnicians have to be on the lookout for everything nature-related and know how to manage waste disposal, flood control, when and where to build a dam or a bridge, and so on. And, once you get the hang of it, then, dam, you will be the best.

3. Environmental engineer

Environmental engineers are the closest we have to superheroes, as they take care of the planet and allow us to keep living here (or simply living, which is nice). You will get to go and restore landscapes and nature from what other people ruin, you will get to explain to other people what a healthy indoor and outdoor environment is, and what to do in the future to stop wrecking our planet.

4. Public Health Engineer

Do you remember that scene in Tim Burton’s ‘Batman’, where there are penguins living in the sewer and even an evil lair? Technically, as a public health engineer, you will be responsible for that never to happen!

Controlling the water supply and sewage system, you take care of people in towns and villages, making sure the water is clean and villain-free.

5. Transportation Engineer

Do you think public transportation just happens? All those subways, trams, roads, highways, and such don’t just spring from nowhere: top transportation engineers are there, taking care of us to get home on time or not wait in the rain for your bus, like the most tragic figure from literature.

6. Urban planning engineer

Urban planning might be the closest thing to playing with your childhood legos that you can get: deciding where to put a building, where a road should be, how to circle a park with a fence, how not to put a school next to a prison, and so on.

7. Structural engineer

Structural engineers can start their career as a construction designer and can further become project managers. One can seek employment in private section and public sector as well. Professionals in Structural engineering plays an important role in construction industry.

8. Hydaulics engineer

A hydraulics engineer is a type of civil engineer whose focus is the movement and control of fluids. They may work for government on dams, aquifers, and the environmental impact of water movement, or in private companies to determine the interaction of fluids on buildings and structures. Civil engineers have a job growth outlook about as fast as average.

9. Bridge Engineer

Bridge Engineers ensure that bridges do what they're meant to do: carry the weight of people and/or cars without breaking, buckling, or falling down. Bridge Engineers may assist with building bridges from scratch, or they may be called in to inspect or help rehabilitate an older bridge.

10. Water Resource Engineer

Water Resource Engineers develop new equipment and systems for water resource management facilities across the globe. The systems that Water Resource Engineers create ensure that citizens are provided with a continuous supply of clean, uncontaminated water for drinking, living, and recreational purposes. Water Resource Engineers not only design these water management systems, but often oversee the construction and maintenance of these systems as well.

11. Survey Engineers

urvey engineers measure the shape and contours of terrain above ground and underwater to ensure the accuracy of maps and boundary markers. Their measurements are used to plan roadways and tunnels, build pipelines and bridges, track the movement of pollutants in waterways and determine ocean floor erosion rates after storms and earthquakes. Survey engineers often specialize; a forensics surveyor may reconstruct a traffic accident by analyzing skid marks and road angles, while a hydrographic surveyor may search for fault lines as part of an offshore crew. Many professionals work in the field, collecting information while others are based in an office, analyzing data. They are employed by private engineering or surveying firms, government agencies and municipalities, or as independent consultants.

12. Cad Design Engineer

CAD drafting is meant for those who like to tinker and design. Fortunately for CAD drafters, there are a variety of fields available to choose from, such as architecture or engineering, each with its own salary opportunities and job growth statistics. Most CAD drafters hold a certificate or an associate's degree.

CAD designers use specialized computer software to generate drawings, blueprints, plans, and other design documents for use across a wide variety of fields (mechanical design, architecture, construction, engineering, etc.). Entry into this career field typically requires an associate's degree. This career field would appeal to someone who enjoys problem solving, drawing or working with engineers

Start your venture

After all, who doesn’t want to be their own boss? A self-made venture of a civil engineer is a territory which is sacred, and which is why it has tremendous potential to grow. You can start this venture along with your fellow batchmates and run the company basis your practical and theoretical knowledge. However, it isn’t a cake walk. Starting on your own, be it any business, requires a lot of patience and resilience. Although there is no ideal age or time to start your venture but as per the experts, having a professional degree and few years of industry exposure will always give you an extra edge to succeed in your venture. So, think before you make a move.

Concrete Slump Test for Workability

WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE BY SLUMP CONE TEST

Ref : IS: 7320-1974, IS: 1199-1959, SP: 23-1982.

https://archive.org/details/gov.in.is.7320.1974

http://www.iitk.ac.in/ce/test/IS-codes/is.1199.1959.pdf

https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.sp.23.1982.pdf

SLUMP CONE TEST

A concrete is said to be workable if it can be easily mixed, placed, compacted and finished. A workable concrete should not show any segregation or bleeding. Segregation is said to occur when coarse aggregate tries to separate out from the finer material and a concentration of coarse aggregate at one place occurs. This results in large voids, less durability and strength. Bleeding of concrete is said to occur when excess water comes up at the surface of concrete. This causes small pores through the mass of concrete and is undesirable.

Unsupported fresh concrete flows to the sides and a sinking in height takes place. This vertical settlement is known as slump. The slump is a measure indicating the consistency or workability of cement concrete. It gives an idea of water content needed for concrete to be used for different works. To measure the slump value, the test fresh concrete is filled into a mould of specified shape and dimensions, and the settlement or slump is measured when supporting mould is removed. The slump increases as water-content is increased. For different works different slump values have been recommended. The following table indicates the relationship between degree of workability and slump value.

Slump test is adopted in the laboratory or during the progress of the work in the field for determining consistency of concrete where nominal max., size of aggregates does not exceed 40 mm. The pattern of slump indicates the characteristics of concrete in addition to the slump value. If the concrete slumps evenly it is called true slump. If one half of the cone slides down, it is called shear slump. In case of a shear slump, the slump value is measured as the difference in height between the height of the mould and the average value of the subsidence. Shear slump also indicates that the concrete is non-cohesive and shows the characteristic of segregation. Any slump specimen, which collapses or shears off laterally gives incorrect results and at this juncture the test is repeated only true slump should be measured.

Although, slump test is popular due to the simplicity of apparatus used and simple procedure, unfortunately, the simplicity is also often allows a wide variability and many time it could not provide true guide to workability. For example, a harsh mix cannot be said to have same workability as one with a large proportion of sand even though they may have the same slump.

Apparatus:

The slump cone experiment is conducted in an apparatus called slump cone. This apparatus essentially consists of a metallic mould in the form of a frustum of a cone having the internal dimensions as under: Bottom diameter: 20 cm, Top diameter: 10 cm, Height: 30 cm and the thickness of the metallic sheet for the mould should not be thinner than 1.6 mm.

Slump cone, tamping rod, metallic sheet, weighing machine and scale.

Material: Cement, sand, aggregate and water

Procedure:

1. Clean the internal surface of the mould thoroughly and place it on a smooth horizontal, rigid and non-absorbent surf ace, such as of a metal plate.

2. Consider a W/C ratio of 0.5 to 0.6 and design mix of proportion about 1:2:4 (it is presumed that a mix is designed already for the test). Weigh the quantity of cement, sand, aggregate and water correctly. Mix thoroughly. Use this freshly prepared concrete for the test.

3. Fill the mould to about one fourth of its height with concrete. While filling, hold the mould firmly in position

4. Tamp the layer with the round end of the tamping rod with 25 strokes disturbing the strokes uniformly over the cross section.

5. Fill the mould further in 3 layers each time by 1/4th height and tamping evenly each layer as above. After completion of rodding of the topmost layer strike of the concrete with a trowel or tamping bar, level with the top of mould.

6. Lift the mould vertically slowly and remove it.

7. The concrete will subside. Measure the height of the specimen of concrete after subsidence.

Record the water content ratio.

Record the slump values in mm.

The slump value indicates that the concrete has Very low/ Low/ Medium/ High degree of workability.